Undoubtedly, ideology is one of the main influential elements in the foreign policy countries. The emergence and formation of the Taliban's ideology has had a major and important impact on the developments Afghanistan's foreign policy, and Iran's relations with its eastern neighbors are very important. Iran-Afghanistan relations as bilateral relations are affected many factors. The presence of countless Afghan immigrants in Iran, the issue water, drugs, and the economic and political relations these two countries have caused many and downs during different eras, which with the re-appearance of the Taliban in political power Afghanistan, can seriously damage the relations between two countries. to impress. The main problem of the research; The analysis of the effective and stable factors in Iran-Afghanistan relations in the recent period of the Taliban's rise to power. The research method in research descriptive-analytical and the method collecting data library and internet. While many analyzes point the political, military, security, historical and geopolitical factors in the future of Iran-Afghanistan relations, although complete ideological integrity was characteristic of the first period the Taliban, new period of Taliban based internal and external factors, ethnicity and ideology. has turned into two groups with different intellectual origins and has distanced itself from ideological unity. This ideological duality is an important and influential factor in Iran-Afghanistan relations in the new Taliban era.